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Writer's pictureReuven Levitt

Emotional Intelligence in Children : Literature Review

Updated: Jul 4, 2023

Emotional intelligence, the ability to identify, understand, and manage emotions, is an essential skill for both adults and children. It helps us to navigate our social and emotional lives, and to form healthy relationships with others. As parents, we play a vital role in fostering emotional intelligence in our children, and in developing our own emotional intelligence. In this article, we will explore what emotional intelligence is, why it matters, and how we can cultivate it in ourselves and our children.


What is Emotional Intelligence?

Emotional intelligence, or EI, is the ability to identify and manage one’s own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. It involves the ability to recognize emotions, to understand how they impact our thoughts and behaviors, and to use this knowledge to guide our actions. In addition, emotional intelligence involves the ability to manage emotions in a healthy way, through techniques such as self-regulation and mindfulness.



Why Emotional Intelligence Matters

Emotional intelligence is a critical skill that can impact many aspects of our lives, from our personal relationships to our professional success. Research has shown that people with higher emotional intelligence are better able to regulate their emotions, communicate effectively, and form healthy relationships. They are also more likely to be successful in the workplace, as they are better able to work well with others and manage stress. Additionally, emotional intelligence can help to promote mental health and wellbeing, as it allows us to navigate difficult emotions in a healthy way.


We looked at over 340 parenting books, psychological research articles and studies and created a comprehensive review that details the best ways to enhance you own and your children's emotional intelligence.

Emotional intelligence is a critical skill that can impact many aspects of our lives, from our personal relationships to our professional success.

How to Cultivate Emotional Intelligence

As parents, we can play a key role in fostering emotional intelligence in our children, and in developing our own emotional intelligence. There are many ways to do this, from practicing mindfulness to using positive reinforcement. Here are a few techniques from highly reviewed books on teaching children emotional intelligence for parents include:



  1. Mindful Parenting: Mindful parenting involves being fully present in the moment with your child and being aware of your own thoughts, feelings, and reactions. The technique emphasizes the importance of listening to and understanding your child’s feelings and perspective, and responding in a way that is supportive and empathetic. The book “The Conscious Parent” by Shefali Tsabary discusses the importance of being a mindful parent, stating that “When you make mindfulness a part of your daily life, you become more aware of your own emotional reactions and are able to be present with your child in a more authentic and compassionate way.”

  2. Emotional Coaching: Emotional coaching involves acknowledging and validating a child’s emotions, and helping them to label and understand their feelings. The technique aims to develop a child’s emotional intelligence by helping them recognize and regulate their emotions. “Raising An Emotionally Intelligent Child” by John Gottman and Joan Declaire emphasizes the importance of emotional coaching, stating that “When a child’s emotional reactions are validated, she feels that her feelings are important and worthwhile, and she is more likely to develop a sense of emotional intelligence and confidence.”

  3. Self-Regulation: Self-regulation involves the ability to manage and regulate one’s own emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. This technique is critical for emotional intelligence as it helps children to develop coping strategies for dealing with difficult emotions and situations. “The Whole-Brain Child” by Daniel J. Siegel and Tina Payne Bryson discusses the importance of self-regulation, stating that “Self-regulation is the ability to manage our internal states, and it’s a key aspect of emotional intelligence. Children who develop self-regulation skills are better able to manage their emotions, handle stress, and stay focused.”

  4. Empathy: Empathy involves the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. It is an important aspect of emotional intelligence as it allows children to build positive relationships and develop a sense of compassion and caring for others. “Raising An Emotionally Intelligent Child” by John Gottman and Joan Declaire highlights the importance of empathy, stating that “Empathy is the ability to feel with another person, to share in their emotional experience. When we teach children empathy, we are helping them to develop a sense of caring and compassion for others, which is critical for emotional intelligence.”

  5. Connection: Building a strong connection with your child involves establishing a deep emotional bond, which can help to foster emotional intelligence. The book “The Happy Kid Handbook” by Katie Hurley emphasizes the importance of connection, stating that “When children feel connected to their parents, they feel safe, secure, and loved. This connection lays the foundation for emotional intelligence, and helps children to develop a sense of self-worth and resilience.”

  6. Self-Awareness: Self-awareness involves the ability to recognize and understand one’s own emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. This technique is critical for emotional intelligence as it helps children to develop a sense of self-awareness and self-regulation. “Emotional Intelligence for Kids” by Freya Gates highlights the importance of self-awareness, stating that “By developing self-awareness, children can learn to understand their own emotions and how to manage them in a healthy way. This leads to greater emotional intelligence and improved relationships with others.”

  7. Positive Reinforcement: Positive reinforcement involves recognizing and praising a child’s positive behaviors and efforts. This technique can help to build self-esteem and confidence, and can also reinforce positive social and emotional skills. “How to Talk So Kids Will Listen & Listen So Kids Will Talk” by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish emphasizes the importance of positive reinforcement, stating that “When children receive positive feedback, they are more likely to repeat the behavior. This helps to reinforce positive emotional and social skills, and can lead to greater emotional intelligence.”

  8. Reflection: Reflection involves taking the time to reflect on one’s own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and to consider how they may impact others. This technique can help children to develop self-awareness, empathy, and social skills. “Parenting from the Inside Out” by Daniel J. Siegel and Mary Hartzell highlights the importance of reflection, stating that “By taking the time to reflect on our own thoughts and feelings, we can develop a deeper understanding of ourselves and others. This can lead to greater emotional intelligence and improved relationships with our children.”

  9. Gratitude: Practicing gratitude involves recognizing and expressing appreciation for the good things in one’s life. This technique can help children to develop a positive outlook, resilience, and empathy. “The Resilience Formula” by Linda Graham emphasizes the importance of gratitude, stating that “When children practice gratitude, they develop a sense of appreciation for the good things in their lives, and learn to focus on the positive. This can help to build resilience and emotional intelligence.”

  10. Social Skills: Social skills involve the ability to interact with others in a positive and productive way. This includes skills such as communication, collaboration, and conflict resolution. “Raising An Emotionally Intelligent Child” by John Gottman and Joan Declaire emphasizes the importance of social skills, stating that “Social skills are critical for emotional intelligence because they help children to build positive relationships with others. By developing social skills, children can learn to communicate effectively, resolve conflicts, and work together in a productive way.”

  11. Positive Self-Talk: Positive self-talk involves using positive and encouraging language when talking to oneself. This technique can help children to build self-esteem and confidence, and can also help to promote positive emotional and social skills. “The Resilience Formula” by Linda Graham highlights the importance of positive self-talk, stating that “When children use positive self-talk, they develop a more positive outlook on life and are better able to handle challenges. This can lead to improved emotional intelligence and greater resilience.”

  12. Growth Mindset: A growth mindset involves the belief that one’s abilities can be developed through hard work and dedication. This technique can help children to develop a sense of resilience and perseverance, and can also help to promote positive emotional and social skills. “The Self-Driven Child” by William Stixrud and Ned Johnson emphasizes the importance of a growth mindset, stating that “By fostering a growth mindset in children, we can help them to develop greater emotional intelligence and resilience. This involves teaching children to embrace challenges, learn from their mistakes, and persist in the face of setbacks.”

  13. Cognitive Restructuring: Cognitive restructuring involves changing negative thought patterns and replacing them with more positive and helpful thoughts. This technique can help children to develop a more positive outlook and can also help to promote positive emotional and social skills. “Helping Your Anxious Child” by Ronald M. Rapee, Ann Wignall, Susan H. Spence, Vanessa Cobham, and Heidi Lyneham emphasizes the importance of cognitive restructuring, stating that “By teaching children to restructure negative thoughts, we can help them to develop greater emotional intelligence and resilience. This involves teaching children to challenge negative thoughts, replace them with more positive and helpful thoughts, and focus on their strengths and accomplishments.”

When children practice gratitude
When children practice gratitude, they develop a sense of appreciation for the good things in their lives, and learn to focus on the positive. This can help to build resilience and emotional intelligence.

As parents, we can also develop our own emotional intelligence by practicing techniques such as mindfulness and self-regulation. By modeling healthy emotional behaviors, we can help our children to develop their own emotional intelligence and improve their mental health and wellbeing. In the book “Parenting from the Inside Out,” Daniel J. Siegel and Mary Hartzell highlight the importance of developing our own emotional intelligence, stating that “As parents, we need to be aware of our own emotional reactions and how they impact our children. By developing our own emotional intelligence, we can help our children to develop theirs, and create a healthier and more positive family environment.”


In order to practice these techniques and cultivate emotional intelligence in ourselves and our children, it’s important to make them a part of our daily lives. This may involve setting aside time for mindfulness meditation, using positive reinforcement regularly, or practicing self-regulation in difficult situations. By making these techniques a regular part of our lives, we can help to build emotional intelligence and improve our mental health and wellbeing.


What next? The Experts on Emotional Intelligence speak:

Here are some of the highly reviewed books on emotional intelligence that can be a wonderful companion in your journey of growth. We summarized the primary techniques in each of the books so you will be able to choose one that fits what you are most called to cultivate first.





Emotional intelligence is a critical skill that can impact many aspects of our lives, from our personal relationships to our professional success. As parents, we play a vital role in fostering emotional intelligence in our children, and in developing our own emotional intelligence. By practicing techniques such as mindfulness, emotional coaching, self-regulation, positive reinforcement, and social skills, we can help our children to develop emotional intelligence and form healthy relationships. Additionally, by modeling healthy emotional behaviors and practicing these techniques ourselves, we can improve our own emotional intelligence and create a positive and supportive family environment.

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